The paper analyzes the main structural features and the different responses to the recent ‘great recession’ in the United States and the European Union.
In the crucial years 2008-2010 the United States used a combination of expansionary monetary and fiscal Keynesian policies and a rather vigorous industrial and innovation policy. The European Union, constrained by its austerity bias and by strict EU rules, followed a fully anti-Keynesian policy and this contributed to a longer and deeper recession, particularly in the most financially vulnerable countries. However, in both areas the recession had been also fuelled by long-standing problems, which were exacerbated by weak institutional features and economic policy errors.